cryospheric geomorphology

Calculating and presenting cosmogenic nuclide ages

This article is edited and drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. Dating Glacial Landforms II: Radiometric Techniques, in: Haritashya, U. (Ed.), Treatise in Geomorphology (Second edition). Cryospheric Geomorphology. Elsevier, pp. 249-280. (link) Cosmogenic Nuclide Calculators A number of calculators are available for the calculation of cosmogenic nuclide ages. These presently include IceTEA (Jones et al., 2019), …

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Erosion rates

This article is edited and drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. Dating Glacial Landforms II: Radiometric Techniques, in: Haritashya, U. (Ed.), Treatise in Geomorphology (Second edition). Cryospheric Geomorphology. Elsevier, pp. 249-280. (link) Weathering and denudation Exposed surfaces will denude over time due to weathering and in situ breakdown of rock. The concentration of surface cosmogenic nuclides …

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Exposure Age Sampling Methodologies

This article is edited and drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. Dating Glacial Landforms II: Radiometric Techniques, in: Haritashya, U. (Ed.), Treatise in Geomorphology (Second edition). Cryospheric Geomorphology. Elsevier, pp. 249-280. (link) Introduction to Cosmogenic Nuclide Sampling Strategies Sampling strategies for exposure-age dating will depend upon the research objectives, the rock type and target minerals available …

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Topographic Shielding

This article is edited and drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. Dating Glacial Landforms II: Radiometric Techniques, in: Haritashya, U. (Ed.), Treatise in Geomorphology (Second edition). Cryospheric Geomorphology. Elsevier, pp. 249-280. (link) Shielding from mountains Exposure-age samples will be shielded by any nearby topography (Balco, 2014; Balco et al., 2008; Codilean, 2006; Darvill, 2013; Gosse and …

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Attenuation of cosmogenic nuclide particles

This article is edited and drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. Dating Glacial Landforms II: Radiometric Techniques, in: Haritashya, U. (Ed.), Treatise in Geomorphology (Second edition). Cryospheric Geomorphology. Elsevier, pp. 249-280. (link) Energy decreases as it interacts with matter The high-energy component of cosmic radiation follows an exponential decrease as a function of the cumulative mass …

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Cosmogenic nuclide scaling scheme

Influence of Earth’s magnetic field and solar activity The primary cosmic rays approaching Earth are affected by the Earth’s magnetic field and solar activity (Darvill, 2013), with most rays penetrating the atmosphere at the poles and least at the equator. The ability of a ray to penetrate the atmosphere is determined by the angle of …

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Production of cosmogenic nuclides

This article is edited and drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. Dating Glacial Landforms II: Radiometric Techniques, in: Haritashya, U. (Ed.), Treatise in Geomorphology (Second edition). Cryospheric Geomorphology. Elsevier, pp. 249-280. (link) Bombardment by solar radiation Cosmogenic nuclides are being constantly formed. The Earth is continuously bombarded from all directions by cosmic radiation (Balco, 2011; Dunai …

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Cosmogenic nuclide dating selected references

Selected references and wider reading *Recommended review Applegate, P.J., Urban, N.M., Keller, K., Lowell, T.V., Laabs, B.J.C., Kelly, M.A., Alley, R.B., 2012. Improved moraine age interpretations through explicit matching of geomorphic process models to cosmogenic nuclide measurements from single landforms. Quaternary Research 77, 293-304. *Balco, G., 2011. Contributions and unrealized potential contributions of cosmogenic-nuclide exposure …

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Introduction

This text below is drawn from: Davies, B.J., 2022. CRYOSPHERIC GEOMORPHOLOGY: Dating Glacial Landforms I: archival, incremental, relative dating techniques and age-equivalent stratigraphic markers. (link) Multiple methods needed for dating glacial environments Over the last few decades, multiple methodologies for dating different types of glacial landform have become available to chronologists and geomorphologists. There has …

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Cosmogenic-nuclide burial dating

Depth profiles use a number of samples (ideally >5) through a sedimentary unit to provide a single surface exposure age based on cosmogenic nuclide concentration at different depths (Darvill, 2013). Sediment burial can be dated by the radioactive decay of cosmogenic nuclide minerals (10Be and 26Al), provided that the sediments were exposed prior to burial …

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